115 年司律一試 綜合法學(二)商法 第 65 題

Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

• A Specific deterrence includes deterrence by incapacitation and deterrence by intimidation.
• B According to the theory of retribution, punishment expresses the moral condemnation of the community.
• C According to the theory of general deterrence, we punish a criminal to deter him from committing additional crimes in the future.
• D According to the theory of rehabilitation, the criminal justice system should try to prevent a criminal from committing further crimes by educating him.

考選部公告標準答案:C

詳解

本題要挑出錯誤敘述。(C) 把一般預防寫成「處罰犯人以嚇阻他本人將來再犯」，但嚇阻犯人本人再犯是特別預防的內容；一般預防針對的是社會上其他潛在犯罪人，藉由處罰產生警示作用，故 (C) 錯誤，應選之。(A) 特別預防確實包含隔離（使其無再犯可能）與威嚇兩種作用。(B) 應報理論認為刑罰表達社群對犯行的道德非難。(D) 矯治理論主張透過教育使犯人不再犯罪，三者敘述均正確。故選 C。