115 年司律一試 綜合法學(二)商法 第 67 題

According to Article 23 of the R.O.C. Constitution, which of the following is NOT a legitimate reason for the government to restrict, even by law, the people’s freedoms and rights enumerated in Articles 7 to 22 of the Constitution?

• A It is necessary to prevent infringement upon the freedoms of other persons.
• B It is necessary to avert an imminent crisis.
• C It is necessary to realize the will of the majority citizen.
• D It is necessary to maintain social order.

考選部公告標準答案:C

詳解

憲法第23條規定，以上各條列舉之自由權利，除為「防止妨礙他人自由、避免緊急危難、維持社會秩序，或增進公共利益」所必要者外，不得以法律限制之。條文明列的四款公益目的中，(A) 對應防止妨礙他人自由、(B) 對應避免緊急危難、(D) 對應維持社會秩序，都是合憲的限制理由。(C) 實現多數國民的意志並未列入第23條，且基本權保障的核心功能正是防止多數決侵害少數人的權利。故選 C。